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Singularity Foundation

Founding manifesto, version 2.0

We accept the threshold

The scarcity that limits humanity most is the scarcity of intelligence. We will not look away from the possibility of loosening it — and we will not close our eyes either.

766
papers surveyed
4 mo
task-horizon doubling time
68.8%
best score on ARC-AGI-2
2033
median of 1,800 forecasters
20/25
researchers call it an urgent risk

Preamble

This document is not a prophecy. Prophecy begins where evidence ends; we would rather mark the place where the evidence stops. Behind it sit 766 peer-reviewed and preprint studies, the frontier labs' own safety documents, and a dozen expert forecasts that openly contradict one another.

What that material shows is simple: capability is rising measurably and is accelerating; timelines are unreliable. A manifesto has to be able to hold both sentences at once. Otherwise it becomes either an advertisement or a scare pamphlet.

Version 1.0 had nine articles. This version has ten, and each is built in three parts: the claim, the evidence it rests on, and the strongest objection against it. The third part is deliberate. A document that never tests its thesis against anything but a weak opponent has not earned a reading.

We propose a third stance: accept that the threshold is crossable, argue for crossing it, and treat measuring how it is crossed as the work itself.

I

The scarcity is intelligence, not matter

Behind every large unsolved problem there is a humanity that could not think hard enough. Cancer is not a chemistry problem but a search problem: the space of possible molecules is many times larger than a human lifetime can scan. Climate is not a thermodynamics problem but a coordination and engineering problem. Poverty is not a resource problem but an allocation and efficiency problem.

None of these is solved with more steel or more energy. All of them need more attention, more trials, more understanding. Throughout history the only way to multiply those three was to raise more people — expensive, slow, and morally bounded.

For the first time another route is visible. Multiplying intelligence is the only way to touch all of these problems at once, because they share the same bottleneck.

Making intelligence cheap is the most generous thing humanity can do for itself.

II

7 mo → 4 mo

How the doubling time of the task horizon changed between 2019–2025 and 2024–2025.

The threshold is not a moment, it is a curve

The question “when is the singularity?” is badly posed, because there is no single door. What we can measure is not a door but a curve: the length of the job a model can carry from start to finish. On METR's measurement that length has doubled steadily since 2019 — and over the last two years the doubling rate itself has almost doubled.

How long a job an AI can carry on its own

Curves derived from two published doubling rates · log scale

1 min10 min1 hour1 work day1 work week1 month20212022202320242025202620272028measured range → extrapolationdoubling every 4 monthsevery7 months

Derived from METR’s published doubling rates; these are not individual model measurements. If the fast trend holds, month-long tasks arrive in mid-2027 — the same extrapolation METR draws. The slow trend reaches only a few days by the same date.

Ord, The Dynamics of Intelligence Explosions, arXiv:2608.14426, Oxford Martin AI Governance Initiative · METR, Time Horizon 1.1, January 2026

III

21 years

The gap between the earliest and latest serious forecast. All of them are looking at the same evidence.

We commit to a method, not a date

Serious people looking at the same data spread across 2026 to 2047. That is not a shortage of information; it is a sign that forecasting here is structurally hard.

A 2026 interview study found the reason: the answer correlates strongly with which building the answerer sits in.

When does general AI arrive? — as of September 2026

Filled marks: frontier lab executives · hollow marks: independent forecasters and surveys

2026203020352040204520505–20 year rangeSam Altman · OpenAI“we are already in it”Dario Amodei · Anthropiclate 2026 – early 2027Metaculus · weakly general AIFeb 2028 · 1.7k forecastersDemis Hassabis · DeepMind~2030 (2029 at the earliest)D. Kokotajlo · AI Futuresmoved back from ~2027 in 2026Ray KurzweilAGI 2029Metaculus · full general AIJul 2033 · 1.8k forecastersIlya Sutskever · SSIExpert survey median2047 · Grace et al.Singularity 2045

For Sutskever the dashed bar spans the 5–20 year range and the mark sits at its midpoint. Kurzweil’s two dates are marked separately. Metaculus values are February 2026 archive snapshots.

Field, Douglas & Krueger, AI Researchers' Perspectives on Automating AI R&D and Intelligence Explosions, arXiv:2603.03338 · Grace et al., Thousands of AI Authors on the Future of AI, arXiv:2401.02843

IV

2e29 FLOP

Training scale Epoch AI finds physically reachable by 2030 — roughly 10,000× today.

Acceleration is a choice, not a fate

We reject the sentence “it will happen anyway.” Epoch AI's analysis shows scaling is physically possible through 2030: modelled separately, none of the four constraints — power, chip supply, data, the latency wall — forms a wall. The first binding constraint is electricity: a frontier training run in 2030 will want gigawatt-scale power.

But what is possible does not happen by itself. Gigawatt grids, lithography lines, decade-long research programmes — these are human decisions, not laws of nature.

The inevitability claim is comforting because it excuses whoever makes it from responsibility. A person who says “it will happen anyway” never has to account for what happened. We do not want that comfort.

We argue for acceleration because we think there is something worth arguing for — not because we think it is inevitable.

Epoch AI, Can AI scaling continue through 2030? — power, chips, data and latency modelled separately

V

Asymmetry

The risk of accelerating is always counted; the cost of slowing down never is.

Waiting has a price too

Here is what is lopsided about the debate: the risk of accelerating is always counted, the cost of slowing down never is. Yet every year of delay is a year spent with diseases that have no cure. That price is not abstract — it is countable. Nobody is counting it.

Amodei's “compressed 21st century” argument is useful here: if powerful AI can compress 50–100 years of biological progress into 5–10, then a decade of delay means deferring decades of medical progress.

This is not a trump card against safety objections — it is a call for bookkeeping. If you are trading one risk against another, write down both. An account that lists only one side is not an account.

VI

2–3×

The consistent drop every paradigm shows moving from ARC-AGI-1 to ARC-AGI-2.

Generalisation is not solved yet

The hardest part of a manifesto is writing down the evidence that weakens its own thesis. Here is that evidence.

ARC-AGI is the benchmark family that tries to measure intelligence not as skill but as skill-acquisition efficiency. As of February 2026, a cross-generation analysis of 82 approaches shows the following.

ARC-AGI: the best system collapses as the version hardens

Best AI score · February 2026 · human performance ~100% on every version

0%25%50%75%100%human ~100%93.0%ARC-AGI-1Opus 4.668.8%ARC-AGI-2frontier systems13.0%ARC-AGI-3goal-discovery games

The critical point is not the size of the drop but its consistency: program synthesis, neuro-symbolic and purely neural approaches all show the same 2–3× degradation. That points to a fundamental limit in compositional generalisation, not to one architecture’s shortcoming. Source: Vahdati et al., arXiv:2603.13372 — analysis of 82 approaches.

Vahdati, Aioanei, Suresh & Lehmann, The ARC of Progress towards AGI: A Living Survey, arXiv:2603.13372 — analysis of 82 approaches

VII

5 revisions

Anthropic's safety framework changed five times in 2026 — v3.0 to v3.4 in five months.

Safety is not a brake on speed, it is what carries it

A system that cannot be controlled is not powerful; it is merely dangerous. Interpretability, evaluation and threshold commitments are not the opposite of speed — they are what carries it, because the first serious accident bills all of us for a decade-long pause.

Three frontier labs converged on the same structure: define a capability threshold, pre-commit to evaluations that detect approaching it, pre-commit to a response if it is crossed. DeepMind's latest framework (v3.1, April 2026) went a step further: it defines separate protocols for models that could accelerate AI R&D to “destabilising” levels, and brings large-scale internal deployments into scope. The intelligence explosion is no longer an academic argument; it is a company's formal risk category.

But we do not trust these frameworks blindly. The logic of pre-commitment weakens when the commitment itself changes five times in five months. We support them — and we want them independently audited.

Anthropic RSP v3.4 (8 Jul 2026) · Google DeepMind FSF v3.1 (17 Apr 2026) · OpenAI Preparedness Framework v2 (15 Apr 2025) · Future of Life Institute, Statement on Superintelligence

VIII

σ = 2.58 / −0.10

Two plausible models applied to the same data return opposite signs.

We do not hide the uncertainty

One of the most rigorous empirical papers in the field asked: can software alone produce an intelligence explosion? The answer depends on the elasticity of substitution between research compute and cognitive labour. Two economists, at MIT and Yale, built a 2014–2024 panel for OpenAI, DeepMind, Anthropic and DeepSeek and estimated two production functions.

Knowing what we do not know is firmer ground than believing we know.

Whitfill (MIT) & Wu (Yale), Will Compute Bottlenecks Prevent an Intelligence Explosion?, arXiv:2507.23181

IX

17/25

Researchers expecting the most advanced systems to be held internally and never shown to the public.

We will not be spectators

The decisions in this transition are being taken in a handful of cities, in a handful of boardrooms. Everyone else was assigned the role of audience — and we do not accept that role.

The most concrete finding on why this is urgent: of 25 researchers interviewed, 17 expect systems with advanced coding and R&D capability to be increasingly held inside companies and never shown publicly. The most frequently raised concern was exactly that: concentration of power, and progress accelerating behind closed doors.

If the most capable systems are never released, every external measurement is structurally behind. That does not make independent measurement pointless — it makes it the only remaining instrument of scrutiny.

Not spectating is a matter of contribution, not slogans: measuring, publishing data, translating, and holding the argument in our own language and our own public.

X

Social singularity

The social discontinuity produced by the *expectation* of the threshold — real even if the threshold never arrives.

The human is the end, not the instrument

We want to multiply intelligence because people suffer, die, and live far below their capacity. That is the reason. We are not looking for another one.

There is a reason this article comes last. One of the most uncomfortable findings in the literature is the distinction between technological and social singularity: the second is the social discontinuity produced by the anticipated approach of the threshold. Even if the threshold never arrives, the expectation is already real — it is shaping capital allocation, energy infrastructure, regulation and labour decisions today.

Which means this manifesto is itself an intervention. We know that, and it is why we treat showing the basis of every sentence as an obligation.

If one day the trajectory of this technology stops treating the human as the end, everything this manifesto defends becomes void. We write that sentence here so we can come back and read it.

Jedlicka, Why do we need social singularity? A mechanism-based critique of gradual scenarios in AI existential-risk discourse, arXiv:2608.03904

Our pledges

  1. 01Open measurementWe publish every evaluation together with its method and its raw data.
  2. 02Dated forecastsWe record forecasts with a date and a probability, and we score them afterwards — including when we are wrong.
  3. 03Room for the other sideEvery publication states the strongest counter-argument in a form its advocate would accept.
  4. 04Independent fundingWe disclose donations from frontier labs with their amounts and conditions.
  5. 05Public record in TurkishWe translate primary sources into Turkish and keep them in a permanent, accessible archive.
  6. 06Generation-time advocacyWe campaign for frontier labs to report pre-training and post-training generation times — the least manipulable indicator of explosion dynamics.
  7. 07Error logWe do not delete claims that turn out to be wrong. They stay published with the date and reason for correction.

If the threshold can be crossed, it will be. Our responsibility is not to stop it or to applaud it — but to cross it with measurements in hand.

Version note

Version 1.0 (10 September 2026) had nine articles and presented the METR curve without criticism. Version 2.0 adds Ord's critique of METR, introduces the ARC-AGI findings as a new article, and gives every article a “strongest objection” section. Under pledge 07, the earlier version has not been deleted.