Bibliography and method
What this site is built on
766 arXiv studies, 31 papers read in full, 7 institutional policy documents and 33 primary source texts. Everything cited on this site is listed here.
Companies and executives
Primary essays and corporate positions, read in full.
- The Gentle Singularity
Sam Altman
“We are past the event horizon; the takeoff has started.”
- Reflections
Sam Altman
- Planning for AGI and beyond
OpenAI, Feb 2023
- Governance of superintelligence
OpenAI
- Machines of Loving Grace
Dario Amodei
Powerful AI as “a country of geniuses in a datacenter”.
- The Adolescence of Technology
Dario Amodei
- The Urgency of Interpretability
Dario Amodei
- Core Views on AI Safety
Anthropic
- Taking a responsible path to AGI
Google DeepMind
- Towards Humanist Superintelligence
Mustafa Suleyman, Microsoft AI
- “We're moving from the age of scaling to the age of research”
Ilya Sutskever, interviewed by Dwarkesh Patel
Safety frameworks
The labs' own commitment documents, with version history tracked.
- Responsible Scaling Policy v3.4
Anthropic · effective 8 July 2026
Revised five times during 2026: v3.0 → v3.1 → v3.2 → v3.3 → v3.4.
- Frontier Safety Framework v3.1
Google DeepMind · 17 April 2026
Adds Tracked Capability Levels and protocols for models that could accelerate AI R&D to destabilising levels.
- Preparedness Framework v2
OpenAI · 15 April 2025
Key papers
Read in full. These carry most of the analytical weight on this site.
- AI Researchers' Perspectives on Automating AI R&D and Intelligence Explosions
Field, Douglas & Krueger
25 semi-structured interviews. The source of the epistemic-schism finding.
- The Dynamics of Intelligence Explosions
Toby Ord
Generation time as the pivotal parameter; the critique of METR time horizons.
- Will Compute Bottlenecks Prevent an Intelligence Explosion?
Whitfill (MIT) & Wu (Yale)
σ = 2.583 versus σ = −0.103.
- The ARC of Progress towards AGI: A Living Survey
Vahdati, Aioanei, Suresh & Lehmann
82 approaches across three benchmark generations.
- Preparing for the Intelligence Explosion
MacAskill & Moorhouse, Forethought
- Why do we need social singularity?
Petr O. Jedlicka
The distinction between technological and social singularity.
- Insidious Imaginaries: A Critical Overview of AI Speculations
xCoAx 2025
- Thousands of AI Authors on the Future of AI
Grace, Stewart, Sandkühler, Thomas et al., AI Impacts
The expert survey; the 69-year framing effect.
- International AI Safety Report
chaired by Yoshua Bengio
Measurement and forecasting
- Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks
METR
- Time Horizon 1.1
METR · 29 January 2026
Task pool grown from 170 to 228; 8h+ tasks doubled from 14 to 31.
- Can AI scaling continue through 2030?
Epoch AI
- What will AI look like in 2030?
Epoch AI
- AI 2027
Kokotajlo, Alexander, Larsen, Lifland, Dean
The lead author moved his own estimate from ~2027 to ~2030 during 2026.
- When will the first general AI system be devised, tested and publicly announced?
Metaculus Q5121 · 1,800 forecasters
Community estimate July 2033 (archive snapshot, 10 Feb 2026).
- Date weakly general AI is publicly known
Metaculus Q3479 · 1,700 forecasters
Community estimate 8 February 2028 (archive snapshot, 23 Feb 2026).
- ARC-AGI: Benchmarks for General Intelligence
ARC Prize / François Chollet
Statements and reference
- Statement on Superintelligence
Future of Life Institute · 72,621 signatures
- The Coming Technological Singularity (1993)
Vernor Vinge
The origin of the term. Vinge's window of 2005 ± 20 years covers exactly the present period.
- Technological singularity
Wikipedia
- Statement on AI Risk
Wikipedia
Method
The corpus was collected from the official arXiv API using 17 thematic queries and de-duplicated by normalising version numbers. 766 unique studies remain, spanning 2008–2026.
31 papers were selected for full-text reading by a keyword-relevance score combined with topic overlap and publication year, plus one manually added survey. Text was extracted with pdftotext.
Two sources initially blocked by bot protection were recovered through the Wayback CDX API: OpenAI's “Planning for AGI and beyond” and the Metaculus questions. Archive raw mode returns gzipped bytes, which required explicit decompression.
Two version numbers taken from search results proved wrong when checked against the primary documents and were corrected: Anthropic's RSP is v3.4 (not v3.0) and DeepMind's FSF is v3.1 (not v3.0).